What are the different types of chassis frames used in automobile?
- 1 Ladder frame.
- 2 Unibody.
- 3 Backbone tube.
- 4 X-frame.
- 5 Perimeter frame.
- 6 Platform frame.
- 7 Space frame.
- 8 Subframe.
The automobile chassis provides the strength necessary to support a vehicle's components and the pay load placed upon it. The suspension system contains the springs, shock absorber's, and other components that allow the vehicle to pass over uneven terrain without an excessive amount of shock reaching the passengers or cargo. The steering mechanism is an integral portion of the chassis, as it provides the operator with a means of controlling the direction of travel.
The tires grip the road surface to provide good traction that enables the vehicle to accelerate, brake, and make turns without skidding. Working in conjunction with the suspension. The tires absorb most of the shocks caused by road irregularities. The body of the vehicle encloses the mechanical components and passenger compartment. It is made of relatively light sheet metal or composite plastics. The components which make up the chassis are held together in proper relation to each other by the frame.
The LADDER FRAME and the X BRACE FRAME are common frame types. A traditional body on frames would have the frame doing 100% of the 'chassis' work and the body just keeping the wind off the driver. That really hasn't been true outside of chassis cab trucks for decades. Most body on frame cars got some level of chassis stiffness from the body. The FORD PANTHER cars are body on frame through the body actually does a good bit of chassis work.
MONO COQUE and UNIBODY are typically used to describe chassis made from folded and welded sheets of metal. Often those sheet from some of the exterior body panels (roof, rear fenders, door openings etc).
BACKBONE is a type of chassis where a large central structure, i.e. the back bone connects the front and rear. A number of modern convertible have a somewhat backbone chassis. They use the transmission tunnel at a key structural element. The current CORVETTE is a partial backbone chassis. The transmission tunnel is a key part of the chassis.
SPACE FRAME is one type, where every element is loaded only in tension or compression. In that sort of structure every element is a truss and every part must be triangulated. In reality basically no pure space frame chassis has ever been built.
A TUBE FRAME race car would be close but even there you will find areas where the stiffness of a beam in bending rather than triangulation holds things in place.
Difference between Chassis and Frame
Chassis:
It is the minimum requirement of a vehicle to move. i.e. frame fitted with engine, tire's, steering, brakes etc
Frame:
It is basically the body of the vehicle. i.e. all other parts are fastened on to it either bolted or riveted or welded.
How many broad classification of chassis layouts are there?
Vehicle classification relates to the construction, size, shape, number of doors, type of roof, and other criteria of a motor vehicle.
There are three types of frames
1. Conventional frame
2. Integral frame
3. Semi-integral frame
What is conventional chassis?
Conventional chassis or frame-full chassis : In this type of chassis the body is made as a separate unit and then joined with ladder frame. It supports all the systems in a vehicle such as the Engine, Transmission system, Steering system, Suspension system.
It has two long side members and 5 to 6 cross members joined together with the help of rivets and bolts. The frame sections are used generally.
a. Channel Section - Good resistance to bending
b. Tabular Section - Good resistance to Torsion
c. Box Section - Good resistance to both bending and Torsion
What is Integral frame chassis?
This frame is used now a days in most of the cars. There is no frame and all the assembly units are attached to the body. All the functions of the frame carried out by the body itself. Due to elimination of long frame it is cheaper and due to less weight most economical also. Only disadvantage is repairing is difficult.
What is Semi integral frame?
In some vehicles half frame is fixed in the front end on which engine gear box and front suspension is mounted. It has the advantage when the vehicle is met with accident the front frame can be taken easily to replace the damaged chassis frame. This type of frame is used in FIAT cars and some of the European and American cars.
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